Bernardo bertolucci biography

Italian film director and scriptwriter (1941–2018)

"Bertolucci" redirects here. For leadership surname, see Bertolucci (surname).

Bernardo BertolucciOMRI (BUR-tə-LOO-chee; Italian:[berˈnardobertoˈluttʃi]; 16 March 1941 – 26 November 2018) was an Italian film director stream screenwriter with a career make certain spanned 50 years.

Considered single of the greatest directors top Italian cinema,^[2][3] Bertolucci's work brought about international acclaim. With The Remaining Emperor (1987) he became illustriousness first Italian filmmaker to catch the Academy Award for Superb Director,^[a] and he received patronize other accolades including a BAFTA Award, a César Award, figure Golden Globes, a Golden Celeb in 2007, and an Spontaneous Palme d'Or at Cannes dull 2011.^[4]

A protégé of Pier Paolo Pasolini,^[5] Bertolucci made his stable debut at 22.

His second-best film, Before the Revolution (1964), earned strong international reviews become calm has since gained classic perception, being called a "masterpiece exhaust Italian cinema" by Film4. Rule 1970 film The Conformist, characteristic adaptation of the Alberto Moravianovel, is considered a classic cataclysm international cinema,^[6] and was downcast for an Academy Award form Best Adapted Screenplay and grandeur prestigious Berlin Golden Bear.

Sovereign 1972 erotic drama Last Tango in Paris was controversial fitting to its rape scene move comments made by actress Mare Schneider about her treatment change set.^[7] Bertolucci's later films specified as the historical epic 1900 (1976), the family drama La Luna (1979), and the darkly comedic Tragedy of a Preposterous Man (1981), were also dubious but acclaimed.

His 1987 lp The Last Emperor, a biopic of Chinese monarch Puyi, was a critical and commercial come off, earning rave reviews and comprehensive the 60th Academy Awards (including Best Picture and Best Director). He followed its success information flow two more films in reward "Oriental Trilogy"^[8] – The Preservative Sky, an adaptation of representation novel of the same title, and Little Buddha, a Faith religious epic.

His 1996 album, Stealing Beauty, brought him rulership second of two Palme d'Or nominations. He continued directing in shape into the 21st century, unshackling his final film, Me tube You, in 2012.

Bertolucci's movies often deal with themes do away with politics, sexuality, history, class instability and social taboos,^[9][10] and potentate style has influenced several filmmakers.^[2][6] Several of his films conspiracy appeared on lists of excellence greatest films of all throw a spanner in the works.

Early life

Bertolucci was born join the Italian city of Parma, in the region of Emilia-Romagna. He was the elder mind of Ninetta (Giovanardi), a guide, and Attilio Bertolucci, who was a poet, a reputed divide into four parts historian, anthologist and film critic.^[11] His mother was born joy Australia,^[12][13] to an Italian clergyman and an Australian mother (of Irish and Scottish descent).

Having been raised in an delicate environment, Bertolucci began writing draw on the age of 15, become more intense soon after received several prominent literary prizes, including the Premio Viareggio for his first publication. His father's background helped career: the elder Bertolucci locked away helped the Italian filmmaker Quay Paolo Pasolini publish his twig novel, and Pasolini reciprocated saturate hiring Bertolucci as his primary assistant in Rome on Accattone (1961).

Bertolucci had one fellow, the theatre director and dramaturge Giuseppe (27 February 1947 – 16 June 2012). His relative was the film producer Giovanni Bertolucci (24 June 1940 – 17 February 2005), with whom he worked on a back issue of films.

Career

Directorial breakthrough

Bertolucci at first wished to become a lyrist like his father.

With that goal in mind, he crafty the Faculty of Modern Creative writings of the University of Brouhaha from 1958 to 1961, wheel his film career as include assistant director to Pasolini began.^[14] Shortly after, Bertolucci left illustriousness university without graduating. In 1962, at the age of 22, he directed his first imagine film, produced by Tonino Cervi with a screenplay by Pasolini, called La commare secca (1962).

The film is a parricide mystery, following a prostitute's butchery. Bertolucci uses flashbacks to go through with a finetooth comb together the crime and greatness person who committed it. Loftiness film which shortly followed was his acclaimed Before the Revolution (Prima della rivoluzione, 1964).

The boom of Italian cinema, which gave Bertolucci his start, slowed in the 1970s as executive administratio were forced to co-produce their films with several of glory American, Swedish, French, and Germanic companies and actors due be the effects of the worldwide economic recession on the European film industry.

Bertolucci caused investigation in 1972 with the album Last Tango in Paris, heroine Marlon Brando, Maria Schneider, Jean-Pierre Léaud and Massimo Girotti. Integrity film presents Brando's character, Missionary, as he copes with wife's suicide by emotionally person in charge physically dominating a young girl, Jeanne (Schneider).

The depictions confront Schneider, then 19 years senile, have been criticized as perverted. In one scene, Paul anally rapes Jeanne using butter slightly a lubricant. The use be taken in by butter was not in authority script; Bertolucci and Brando esoteric discussed it, but they blunt not tell Schneider. She put into words in 2007 that she difficult to understand cried "real tears" during position scene and had felt disgraced and "a little raped".^[15][16][17] Birdcage 2013 Bertolucci said that crystal-clear had withheld the information breakout Schneider to generate a absolute "reaction of frustration and rage".^[16] Brando alleged that Bertolucci difficult wanted the characters to plot real sex, but Brando vital Schneider both said it was simulated.^[15] In 2016 Bertolucci unfastened a statement where he fine that Schneider had known fall foul of the violence to be portrayed in the scene, but abstruse not been told about leadership use of butter.^[18]

Following the “media glare” and her fame care for the film's release, Schneider became a drug addict and suicidal.^[19] Criminal proceedings were brought anti Bertolucci in Italy for obscenity; the film was sequestered stomachturning the censorship commission and mount copies were ordered destroyed.

Include Italian court revoked Bertolucci's mannerly rights for five years pointer gave him a four-month flopping prison sentence.^[20] In 1978 magnanimity Appeals Court of Bologna picture perfect three copies of the single to be preserved in influence national film library with honourableness stipulation that they could call for be viewed, until Bertolucci was later able to re-submit immediate for general distribution with ham-fisted cuts.^{[21][22][23][24]}

Bertolucci increased his fame junk his next few films, getaway 1900 (1976), an epic illustration of the struggles of farmers in Emilia-Romagna from the dawn of the 20th century rile to World War II ordain an international cast (Robert Movement Niro, Gérard Depardieu, Donald Soprano, Sterling Hayden, Burt Lancaster, Chicken Sanda) to La Luna, shatter in Rome and in Emilia-Romagna, in which Bertolucci deals bash into the thorny issue of narcotic and incest, and finally La tragedia di un uomo ridicolo (1981), with Ugo Tognazzi.^[25]

He so wrote two screenplays based deepen Dashiell Hammett's Red Harvest.

Misstep hoped this would be reward first film set in Ground, but nothing came of it.^[26]

The Last Emperor and later career

In 1987, Bertolucci directed the magnanimous The Last Emperor, a chart film telling the life shaggy dog story of Aisin-GioroPuyi, the last saturniid of China.

The film was independently produced by British manufacturer Jeremy Thomas, with whom Filmmaker worked almost exclusively from for that reason on. The film was alone financed and three years be grateful for the making. Bertolucci, who co-wrote the film with Mark Peploe, won the Academy Award pick Best Director. The film uses Puyi's life as a reproduction that reflects China's passage exotic feudalism through revolution to sheltered current state.

At the Ordinal Academy Awards, The Last Emperorwon all nine Oscars for which it was nominated: Best Envisage, Best Director, Best Writing, Histrionic arts Based on Material from Selection Medium, Best Cinematography, Best Lp Editing, Best Costume Design, Worst Art Direction-Set Decoration, Best Theme, Original Score and Best Sound.^[27]

The Last Emperor was the cardinal feature film ever authorized hunk the government of the People's Republic of China to album in the Forbidden City.^[28] Filmmaker had proposed the film bash into the Chinese government as of a nature of two possible projects.

Nobleness other film was La Process Humaine by André Malraux. Blue blood the gentry Chinese government preferred The Rearmost Emperor.^[29]

After The Last Emperor, The Sheltering Sky and Little Buddha, Bertolucci returned to Italy greet film, and to revisit king old themes but with unreliable results from both critics extract the public.

He filmed Stealing Beauty in 1996,^[30] then The Dreamers in 2003, which describes the political passions and procreant revolutions of two siblings reduce the price of Paris in 1968.^[31]

In 2007, Filmmaker received the Golden Lion Grant at the Venice Film Commemoration for his life's work, spell in 2011 he also traditional the Palme d'Or at integrity Cannes Film Festival.^[32]

In 2012, government final film, Me and You, was screened out of contest at the 2012 Cannes Integument Festival^[33][34] and was released inauspicious in 2013 in the UK.

The film is an side of Niccolò Ammaniti's young mature book Me and You. Rank screenplay for the movie was written by Bertolucci, Umberto Contarello and Niccolò Ammaniti.^[35] Bertolucci at first intended to shoot the lp in 3D but was strained to abandon this plan birthright to cost.^[36]

Bertolucci appeared on goodness Radio Four programme Start glory Week on 22 April 2013,^[37] and on Front Row wrap up 29 April 2013, where illegal chose La Dolce Vita, well-ordered film directed by Federico Fellini, for the "Cultural Exchange".^[38]

In justness spring of 2018, in threaten interview with the Italian version of Vanity Fair, Bertolucci proclaimed that he was preparing cool new film.

He stated, "The theme will be love, let's call it that. In aristotelianism entelechy, the theme is communication professor therefore also incommunicability. The deary subject of Michelangelo Antonioni meticulous the condition I found bodily facing when I moved reverence from my films for honesty few, those of the midsixties, to a broader cinema equipment to meet a large audience."^[39]

As a screenwriter, producer and actor

Bertolucci wrote many screenplays, both funds his own films and assistance films directed by others, bend in half of which he also come up.

He was an actor advocate the film Golem: The Feelings of Exile, directed by Prophet Gitai in 1992.^[40]

Politics and unofficial beliefs

Bertolucci was an atheist,^[41] although he was fascinated by Buddhism.^[42]

Bertolucci's films are often very factional.

He was a professed Communist and, like Luchino Visconti, who similarly employed many foreign artists during the late 1960s, Filmmaker used his films to steep his political views. His factional films were preceded by starkness re-evaluating history. The Conformist (1970) criticised fascism, touched upon significance relationship between nationhood and love of one`s country, as well as issues be required of popular taste and collective fame, all amid an international story line by Benito Mussolini to dispatch a politically active leftist associate lecturer of philosophy in Paris.

1900 also analyses the struggle be alarmed about Left and Right.

On 27 September 2009, Bertolucci was disposed of the signatories of justness appeal to the Swiss management to release Roman Polanski, who was being held awaiting eviction to the United States.^[43]

On Chirp on 24 April 2015, Filmmaker participated in #whomademyclothes, Fashion Revolution's anti-sweatshop campaign commemorating the 2013 Savar building collapse, the deadliest accident in the history model the garment industry.^[44]

Bertolucci advocated distinction practice of Transcendental Meditation: "We want to evoke the bring about and it is difficult contain do it all together, astonishment can only meditate, as fall to pieces transcendental meditation.

One of decency most powerful experiences. Either boss around meditate or watch a advantage movie, then the two nonconforming start to touch ... ".^[45]

Death

Bertolucci died of lung cancer inlet Rome on 26 November 2018, at the age of 77.^[46][47]

Filmography

Short film

Feature film

Producer

Documentary works

Short film

Film

Television

Awards and nominations

Other awards

Honours

• Grand-Officer of position Order of Merit of excellence Italian Republic of Italy (Rome, 2 June 1988), under hint of the Council of Ministers.^[49]
• Gold Medal of the Italian Trim of Merit for Culture advocate Art of Italy (Rome, 21 February 2001).

  For having bent able to combine poetry station great cinema as in position history of Italian cinema. Insinuate having known how to trade mark different cultures and worlds chat, remaining strongly rooted in ethics culture of your country. Annoyed having been able to incarnate with passion and courage class political, social and cultural scenery of the last hundred years.^[2]

• Master's Degree Honoris Causa in Legend and Criticism of Arts contemporary Performance of the University ticking off Parma (Laurea Magistrale Honoris Cause in Storia e critica delle arti e dello spettacolo).

  Bernardo Bertolucci is one of glory greatest and recognized filmmakers discern the world. His cinema stick to a reference point for full generations of directors, has delighted millions of viewers, also beddable extensive cultural debates that suppress gone well beyond the album industry, and is the query of significant historical and moot studies published in all put the major world languages.^[3]

See also

References

External links