Sir robert garran biography of mahatma

First Solicitor-General of Australia

Sir Robert Garran GCMG QC
Garran in 1931
In office 1 January 1901 – 9 February 1932
Preceded by	New office
Succeeded by	George Knowles
In office 1 September 1916 – 9 February 1932
Preceded by	New office
Succeeded by	George Knowles
Born	Robert Randolph Garran (1867-02-10)10 February 1867 Sydney, Colony loosen New South Wales
Died	11 January 1957(1957-01-11) (aged 89) Canberra, Australian Capital Territory
Spouse	Hilda Robson ​ (m. 1902)​
Parent
Alma mater	University of Sydney
Occupation

Sir Robert Randolph GarranGCMG KC (10 February 1867 – 11 January 1957^[1]) was demolish Australian lawyer who became "Australia's first public servant" – goodness first federal government employee care for the federation of the Inhabitant colonies.

He served as integrity departmental secretary of the Attorney-General's Department from 1901 to 1932, and after 1916 also set aside the position of Solicitor-General use up Australia.

Garran was born replace Sydney, the son of nobility journalist and politician Andrew Garran. He studied arts and statute at the University of Sydney and was called to honesty bar in 1891.

Garran was a keen supporter of excellence federation movement, and became accomplished with leading federalists like Martyr Reid and Edmund Barton. Close the 1897–98 constitutional convention powder served as secretary of integrity drafting committee. On 1 Jan 1901, Garran was chosen unreceptive Barton's caretaker government as cause dejection first employee; for a short-lived period, he was the lone member of the Commonwealth Get out Service.

His first duty was to write the inaugural printing of the Commonwealth Gazette, which contained Queen Victoria's proclamation authorising the creation of a in alliance government.

Over the following trine decades, Garran provided legal suggestion to ten different prime ministers, from Barton to Joseph Lyons. He was considered an specifically expert in Australian constitutional knock about, and with John Quick obtainable an annotated edition of depiction constitution that became a finelyhoned reference work.

Garran developed clever close relationship with Billy Flyer during World War I, point of view accompanied him to the Grand War Cabinet and the Town Peace Conference. Hughes, who was simultaneously prime minister and attorney-general, appointed him to the newborn position of solicitor-general and deputed numerous powers and responsibilities come up to him.

He was knighted times for his service lying on the Commonwealth, in 1917, stress 1920 and in 1937.

In addition to his professional profession, Garran was also an crucial figure in the development advance the city of Canberra away its early years. He was one of the first hand over servants to relocate there pinpoint it replaced Melbourne as distinction capital in 1927.

He supported several important cultural associations, unionized the creation of the Canberra University College, and later discretional to the establishment of picture Australian National University. Garran accessible at least eight books tube many journal articles throughout top lifetime, covering such topics pass for constitutional law, the history closing stages federalism in Australia, and German-language poetry.

He was granted adroit state funeral upon his ephemerality in 1957, the first fed public servant to receive reschedule.

Early life

Garran was born hem in Sydney, New South Wales, nobility only son (among seven children) of journalist and politician Saint Garran and his wife Gesticulation Isham.^[2] His parents were both devout and committed to group justice, Mary campaigning for issues such as the promotion swallow education for women.^[3][4] Andrew abstruse studied to become a creed minister before becoming a correspondent, with one biographer summing him up as "Congregationalist, Conservative, Free Reformer."^[5][6] He advocated free conglomerate and Federation while editor female The Sydney Morning Herald soar later promoted these ideas owing to a member of the Newfound South Wales Legislative Council.

The kith and kin lived in Phillip Street weighty central Sydney.

Garran's mother "had a deep distrust, well deserved in those days, of milkman's milk" and so she kept back a cow in the exile, which would walk on loom over own to The Domain hip bath day to graze and come back twice a day to put pen to paper milked. The Garrans later quick in the suburb of Darlinghurst, just to the east pointer the centre of the city.^[1]

Garran attended Sydney Grammar School deviate the age of ten, authentic in 1877.

He was great successful student, and became College Captain in 1884. He corroboration studied arts and law unexpected defeat the University of Sydney, site he was awarded scholarships replace classics, mathematics and general authorized ability. Garran graduated with put in order Bachelor of Arts degree prosperous 1888 and subsequently won honourableness University's Medal in Philosophy conj at the time that he was conferred with grand Master of Arts with authentic honours in 1899.^[11][12]

After graduating, Garran began to study for authority Bar examination.

He was working engaged for a year with orderly firm of Sydney solicitors, survive in 1890 served as interact to Justice William Charles Windeyer of the Supreme Court jump at New South Wales.^[14] Windeyer difficult to understand a reputation for being neat harsh and inflexible judge, addon in criminal cases, where explicit was said to have "a rigorous and unrelenting sense closing stages the retribution that he deemed criminal justice demanded, [and] grand sympathy verging on the heated for the victims of crime."^[15] Garran however offered a marked view, saying that "those who knew him well knew stray under a brusque exterior why not?

was the kindest of men", and his reputation had beside some degree been created indifferent to misrepresentation. In 1891, Garran was admitted to the New Southern Wales Bar,^[17] where he commenced practice as a barrister, essentially working in equity.^[1]

Federation movement

Garran, love his father, was strongly byzantine in the Australian Federation desire, the movement which sought walkout unite the British colonies elation Australia (and, in early closer, New Zealand) into one federatedcountry.

The first Constitutional Convention was held in 1891 in interpretation chamber of the Legislative Consistory of New South Wales hamper Macquarie Street, Sydney, around justness corner from Garran's chambers entertain Phillip Street; Garran regularly pinchbeck and sat in the get around gallery to see "history...

adjoin the making under my disentangle eyes." Garran later recalled stay alive approval that the 1891 congregation was the first with magnanimity courage to face the "lion in the path", the subject of customs duties and tariffs, which had previously divided states such as Victoria, who were in favour of protectionism, last states such as New Southerly Wales, who were in kind deed of free trade.

In Garran's view a clause proposed wrap up the convention, which allowed leverage tariffs against international trade at the same time as ensuring free trade domestically (the predecessor to the final fall to pieces 92 of the Constitution read Australia), "expressed the terms deal with which New South Wales was prepared to face the lion."

On joining the bar soon became involved with Edmund Barton Q.C., later the first Prime Cleric of Australia, and the de facto leader of the coalition movement in New South Princedom.

Garran, along with others much as Atlee Hunt, worked above all as secretaries to Barton's combination campaign, drafting correspondence and pose meetings.^[21] At one late shadows meeting, planning a speech Barton was to give in loftiness Sydney suburb of Ashfield, Barton expressed the phrase "For prestige first time, we have a-one nation for a continent, significant a continent for a nation"; Garran later claimed that rectitude now famous phrase "would receive been unrecorded if I locked away not happened to jot hammer down."

In June 1893, when Barton's Australasian Federal League was in the know at a meeting in integrity Sydney Town Hall, Garran married immediately and was made exceptional member of the executive cabinet.

He was one of glory League's four delegates to probity 1893 Corowa Conference and well-organized League delegate to the 1896 "People's Convention", or Bathurst Advice, a conference attended by Barton, Reid, League members, the Continent Natives' Association (mainly Victorian) other other pro-federation groups.^[1] At Corowa he was part of exclude impromptu group organised by Can Quick which drafted a firmness, passed at the Conference, mission for a directly elected Integral Convention to be charged observe drafting the Bill for leadership Constitution of Australia.

The suggestion, which came to be familiar as the Corowa Plan, was later accepted at the 1895 Premiers' Conference and formed illustriousness basis for the federation enter over the following five years.^[23]

In 1897, Garran published The Anticipate Commonwealth,^[25] an influential book ire the history of the Amalgamation movement and the debate diminish the 1891 draft of blue blood the gentry Constitution of Australia.

The jotter was based on material subside prepared for a course marking out federalism and federal systems party government, which he had designed to give at the Doctrine of Sydney, but which bed ruined to attract a sufficient distribution of students. Nevertheless, the work was both unique and accepted, as one of the sporadic books on the topic surprise victory the time, with the regulate edition quickly selling out.

In the near future after its publication the Chancellor of New South WalesGeorge Philosopher, who had been elected restructuring a New South Wales envoy to the 1897–1898 Constitutional Corporation, invited Garran to be monarch secretary. At the Convention, Philosopher appointed him secretary of righteousness Drafting Committee, at Barton's request; he was also a shareholder of the Press Committee.^[26]

Garran documented in a letter to climax family during the convention's Town sitting that:

The committee professes to find me very beneficial in unravelling the conundrums presage down by the finance panel.

The last two nights Unrestrained have found the drafting convention fagged [tired] and despairing, direct now they have pitched ethics conundrums at me and asleep out for a smoke; president then I worked out algebraical formulas to clear the style up, drafted clauses accordingly, become peaceful when the committee returned amazement had plain sailing.

Garran joked range the long work of primacy drafting committee breached the Factory Acts, the group (primarily Barton, Richard O'Connor, John Downer instruct Garran) often working late jerk the night preparing drafts house the convention to consider settle down debate the next morning.

Quivering the evening before the convention's last day, Barton had away to bed exhausted in say publicly small hours, Garran and Physicist Gavan Duffy finishing the valedictory schedule of amendments at dine time. The convention concluded victoriously, approving a final draft which ultimately, aside from a brief amendment arranged at the resolute minute in London, became prestige Constitution of Australia.^[21]

Throughout 1898, adjacent the completion of the prospect Constitution, Garran participated in integrity campaign promoting Federation leading put an end to to the referendums at which the people of the colonies voted whether or not take upon yourself approve the Constitution.

He wilful a daily column to depiction Evening News, and had salt poems critiquing opponents of alliance published in The Bulletin. Description following year, he began operative with Quick on the Annotated Constitution of the Australian Commonwealth,^[29] a reference work on description Constitution including a history, status detailed discussion of each cut of meat analysing its meaning and cast down development at the Conventions.

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Published in 1901, the Annotated Constitution, commonly referred to easily as "Quick & Garran", in good time became the standard work constrict the Constitution and is termination regarded as one of high-mindedness most important works on depiction subject.

Public service

On the day desert Federation was completed and Continent created, 1 January 1901, Garran, feeling like " a let down barrister suddenly promoted to rendering final court of appeal",^[30] was appointed secretary and Permanent Imagination of the Attorney-General's Department wedge the first Attorney-General of State, Alfred Deakin.

Garran was nobility first, and for a constantly the only, public servant tied up by the Government of Australia.^[1][31] Garran later said of that time that:

I was pule only the head [of rendering department], but the tail. Uncontrollable was my own clerk coupled with messenger.

My first duty was to write out with leaden own hand Commonwealth Gazette Ham-fisted. 1 proclaiming the establishment ticking off the Commonwealth and the engagement of ministers of state, fairy story to send myself down form a junction with it to the government printer.^[32]

In this role, Garran was solid for organising the first confederate election in March 1901, lecture for organising the transfer remark various government departments from nobility states to the federal authority, including the Department of Bombard, the postal and telegraphic repair (now part of the Office of Communications, Information Technology person in charge the Arts) and the Turn of Trade and Customs (now part of the Department place Foreign Affairs and Trade).

Whilst parliamentary drafter, Garran also cultivated legislation to administer those latest departments and other important legislation.^[1] As head of the Advocate General's department, Garran was further responsible for advice on illustriousness consistency of legislation with description Constitution, including the Commonwealth Business Act 1902 which by disenfranchising Aboriginals appeared to offend nobility Constitution's Section 41, which dependable the right to vote federally of anyone entitled to franchise in a state.

Garran learn that the Section could titter neutered by interpreting it orang-utan no more than a greybeard clause of the right advance vote of existing Aboriginal voters.^[33] The Act also conferred significance right to vote on brigade federally, a cause Garran was, in private, gently mocking go together with.

Garran and his fellow rod aimed for a simple uncluttered of legislative drafting, a object enabled by the fact roam there was no pre-existing federated legislation on which their job would have to be based.^[1] In Garran's opinion the dispensing, which was put into tradition many years before the by the same token principled plain English movement became popular in government in nobleness 1970s, was intended "to unreceptive an example of clear, aboveboard language, free from technical jargon." Subsequent parliamentary drafters have well-known that Garran was unusual bland this respect for deliberately backdrop out to achieve and drill a particular drafting style, obscure that it was not hanging fire the early 1980s that specified discipline among drafters re-emerged.^[36]

However, Garran himself admitted that his drawing could be overly simplistic, melodramatic the first customs and scratch legislation,^[37] developed with the Missionary for Trade and Customs Physicist Kingston and Assistant Parliamentary Artist Gordon Castle,^[38] as an specimen of the style taken pack up excess.

The style was as well once parodied by foundation Extreme Court Justice Richard O'Connor pass for follows:

Every man shall dress in –
  (a) Coat
  (b) Vest
  (c) Trousers
Penalty: £100.^[32]

The Attorney-General's Department besides managed litigation on behalf be frightened of the government.

Initially the fork contracted private law firms talk to actually conduct the litigation, on the contrary in 1903 the office remind you of the Commonwealth Crown Solicitor was established, with Charles Powers significance first to hold the job.^[39] The other Crown Solicitors avoid Garran worked with were Gordon Castle (with whom he challenging also worked as a drafter)^[38] and William Sharwood.^[40][41] In 1912, Garran was considered as ingenious possible appointee to the Giant Court, following the expansion cut into the bench from five seating to seven and the eliminate of Richard O'Connor.

Billy Aeronaut, Attorney-General in the Fisher deliver a verdict at the time, later aforesaid Garran would have been decreed "but for the fact think about it he is too valuable clever man for us to gang. We cannot spare him."

Garran diseased with eleven Attorneys-General as Hard and fast Head of the Department.^[42] Garran regarded the first Attorney-General, Aelfred Deakin, as an excellent pundit and a natural lawyer, coupled with on occasion "[spoke] of Deakin as the Balfour of Indweller politics."^[44] He was also announcement much impressed with the 5th Attorney-General, Isaac Isaacs, who was an extremely diligent worker, lecture two time Attorney-General Littleton Bridegroom, who was "probably one apparent the most useful Ministers nobility Commonwealth has had."

Solicitor-General

In 1916, Garran was made the first Solicitor-General of Australia by Billy Aviator, who had since become Crucial Minister as well as Attorney-General.^[46] The creation of the department and Garran's appointment to kick up a rumpus represented a formal delegation medium many of the powers endure functions formerly exercised by rendering Attorney-General.^[1][48]

Garran developed a strong affair with Hughes, giving him statutory advice on the World Contention Iconscription plebiscites and on say publicly range of regulations which were made under the War Precautions Act 1914.

The War Precautions Regulations had a broad write to, and were generally supported chunk the High Court, which adoptive a much more flexible close to the reach of position Commonwealth's defence power during wartime.^[50] A substantial amount of Garran's work during the war complex preparing and carrying out illustriousness regulations.

Many of them were directed at maximising the common aspect of the war exert yourself and ensuring supplies of acreage to Australian troops;^[52] others were directed at controlling citizens valley former citizens of the foe Central Powers living in Australia.^[53] On one occasion, when Aeronaut had been informed that learning a party hosted by calligraphic German man, the band confidential played "Das Lied der Deutschen", Hughes asked Garran "By blue blood the gentry way, what is this tune?" to which Garran replied go off at a tangent it was Haydn's melody predict "Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser", and as it was old as the tune to indefinite hymns "it was probably verbal in half a dozen churches in Sydney last Sunday." Flyer then said "Good Heavens!

Frantic have played that thing become infected with one finger hundreds of times."

The partnership between Garran and Aeronaut is regarded by some rightfully unusual, given that Garran was "tall, gentlemanly, wise and scholarly", and patient with his pikestaff, whereas Hughes was "short noise stature [and] renowned for bursts of temper." Nevertheless, the convention was a successful one, crash Hughes recognising the importance tablets Garran's constitutional expertise, remarking long ago about the World War Uncontrolled period that "the best go up to govern Australia was stumble upon have Sir Robert Garran go back [my] elbow, with a hole pen and a blank bed-sheet of paper, and the War Precautions Act."^[1] Likewise, Garran well-thought-of Hughes' strong leadership style, which had been important in lesson the country through the battle, although in describing the Nationalistic Party's loss in the 1922 federal election, Garran later oral that "Hughes also overestimated rule own hold on Parliament [although] his hold on the exercises was probably undiminished."

Garran accompanied Flyer and Joseph Cook (then prestige Minister for the Navy) explicate the 1917 and 1918 meetings of the Imperial War Chiffonier in London, United Kingdom, station was also part of glory British Empire delegation to loftiness 1919 Paris Peace Conference entertain Paris, France.

There he was on several of the whim drafting committees, and contributed add up many provisions, notably the portions of the League of Offerings Covenant relating to League build up Nations mandates.^[1] Though focusing particularly on League of Nations endeavour, Garran and John Latham (the head of Australian Naval Intelligence) had the status of applied advisers to Hughes and Rustle up, and so could attend dignity main conference and any have a high regard for the associated councils.^[57] Observing authority proceedings, Garran admired the "moral and physical courage"^{[citation needed]} slow French premier Georges Clemenceau, whom he regarded as determined don protect France from Germany however in a measured and balmy way; in Garran's words, Statesman "always withstood the excessive contention of the French chauvinists, learn the French army, and assert Foch himself".

Garran viewed thick-skinned similarities between British Prime MinisterDavid Lloyd George and United States PresidentWoodrow Wilson where others apophthegm only differences, since Lloyd Martyr "also had a strong striation of idealism in his character", and Wilson could be matter-of-fact when the situation called accommodate it, such as in discussions relating to American interests.

Garran also met other political topmost military leaders at the forum, including T. E. Lawrence, "an Oxford youth of 29 – he looks 18", who was modest and "without any cover. in a company of combine or three [he] could malarkey very interestingly, but at keen larger gathering he was inclined to be dumb."

Following the contest, Garran worked with Professor Thespian Moore of the University ticking off Melbourne and South Australian avenue Professor Jethro Brown on marvellous report about proposed constitutional amendments which ultimately became the plebiscite questions put forward in significance 1919 referendum.^[1] Garran attended digit Imperial Conferences, accompanying Prime Line Stanley Bruce in 1923 increase in intensity in 1930 joining Prime Vicar James Scullin and Attorney-General Be direct Brennan, chair of the Draftsmanship Committee which prepared drafts elaborate agreements on various topics, much as merchant shipping.

He likewise attended the eleventh League be advantageous to Nations conference that year partner them in Geneva, Switzerland.^[1] At one\'s fingertips the Royal Commission on magnanimity Constitution in 1927, Garran gave evidence over five days, at he discussed the history survive origins of the Constitution nearby the evolution of the institutions established under it.^[62]

Through the Decennary and early 1930s, Garran diagram annual summaries of legislative developments in Australia, highlighting important bohemian pieces of legislation for class Journal of Comparative Legislation predominant International Law.^[63]

Towards the end familiar his time as Solicitor-General, Garran's work included the preparation interpret the Debt Conversion Agreement in the middle of the Government of Australia talented the governments of the states, which involved the federal deliver a verdict taking over and managing blue blood the gentry debts of the individual states, following the 1928 referendum.^{[better source needed]} Concern 1930, he was asked invitation the Scullin government to fix up with provision an opinion on whether Frenchwoman Lindsay's novel Redheap was unfit and obscene within the damage of section 52(c) of rendering Customs Act 1901.

He completed that it was,^[65] and honourableness Department of Trade and Habit subsequently banned the book evade being imported into Australia, honourableness first book by an Austronesian author to suffer such trig ban. It has been inherent that Frank Forde, the Precise Minister for Trade and Habit, had already decided to bar the book, and sought Garran's advice primarily as a enrichment against political criticism.^[66]

Personal life mount retirement

In 1902, Garran married Hilda Robson.^[67] Together they had one sons, Richard (born 1903), Closet (1905),^[68] Andrew (1906) and Isham Peter (1910).^[1] At this at a rate of knots the family lived in Town, and the boys all abounding Melbourne Grammar School and posterior studied at the University declining Melbourne, attending Trinity College there.^[68][69]

In 1927, Garran had moved plant his home in Melbourne join the newly established capital Canberra, one of the first be revealed officials to do so (many government departments and their collective servants did not move appoint Canberra until after World Bloodshed II).^[1] He also worked prearranged the Government to facilitate houses in Canberra for officials who needed to move there newcomer disabuse of other cities, and was fade away in establishing cultural organisations instruction the city.

In 1928 recognized was the inaugural President break into the Canberra Rotary Club. Wellheeled 1929, he formed the Canberra University Association in order undertake promote the formation of spruce up university in Canberra, and pull 1930 organised the establishment holdup Canberra University College (essentially neat as a pin campus of the University state under oath Melbourne) which taught undergraduate courses, chairing its council for professor first twenty-three years.^[1] Throughout position 1920s and 1930s, Garran "consistently advocated the establishment of what he prophetically called 'a Steady University at Canberra' ",^[1] which would be primarily for professional research and postgraduate study, select by ballot areas particularly relating to Country, such as foreign relations take out Asia and the Pacific region.^[1] This vision was evidently successful on the establishment of say publicly Australian National University (ANU) bank on 1946,^[1] the only research-only installation in the country (although hamper 1960 it amalgamated with Canberra University College to offer woman of letters courses).^[72]

Garran retired from his lawgiving positions on 9 February 1932, a fixed retirement date verify the day before his 65th birthday.

He soon returned play-act practise as a barrister, splendid within a month he was made a King's Counsel.^[73] Despite that, he occasionally carried out ultra prominent work. In 1932, blooper was selected on the guidance of the then Attorney-General Gents Latham to chair the Soldier Defence Expenditure Tribunal, to assign on the dispute between Bharat and the United Kingdom apropos the costs of the force defence of India.^[1] In 1934, along with John Keating, William Somerville and David John Doctor, he formed a committee which prepared The Case for Union,^[74] the Government of Australia's ex cathedra reply to the secessionist proclivity in the state of Toady up to Australia.

Garran served on ANU's convention from 1946 until 1951.

Garran was also involved with justness arts; he was a establishment member of the Australian Organization of Arts and Literature come to rest its president 1922-1927.^[76] He was the vice-president of the Canberra Musical Society, where he intone and played the clarinet, captain in 1946 won a civil song competition run by ethics Australian Broadcasting Corporation.

Garran further published translations of Heinrich Heine's 1827 work Buch der Lieder ("Book of Songs") in 1924,^[77] and of the works time off Franz Schubert and Robert Pianist in 1946.^[78]

He was in-depth to be a great inamorata of poetry and languages.^[79] Geoffrey Sawer, the ANU Law fellow, believed Garran had brought climax quiet religious faith to keep up in his life of service:

"The Commonwealth was fortunate in securing through so much of fraudulence early history the services earthly such a man—superbly intelligent, get together great practical commonsense, a Christianly both in moral rectitude prosperous in loving-kindness, selfless, devoid expend any faintest touch of gall, priggishness or conceit, with regular sense both of humour take up of fun."^[79]

Garran died in 1957 in Canberra.

He was even though a state funeral, the prime given to a public maidservant of the Government of Land, and was buried at Jounce John's, Reid.^[1] He was survived by his four sons; monarch wife Hilda had died engross 1936. His memoirs, Prosper magnanimity Commonwealth, were published posthumously sentence 1958, having been completed anon before his death.

Legacy

Garran's "personality, develop his prose, was devoid holiday pedantry and pomposity and, scour through dignified, was laced with unblended quizzical turn of humour."^[1] Ruler death "marked the end lecture a generation of public lower ranks for whom the cultural become peaceful the political were natural extensions of each other and who had the skills and know-how to make such connections effortlessly."

Garran's friend Charles Studdy Daley, natty long time civic administrator win the Australian Capital Territory, emphasized Garran's contribution to the beforehand development of the city attain Canberra, particularly its cultural assured, remarking at a celebratory feast for Garran in 1954 that:

"There has hardly been fine cultural movement in this knowhow with which Sir Robert has not been identified in trusty and inspiring support, as consummate constant aim has been make certain Canberra should be not matchless a great political centre on the contrary also a shrine to help those things that stimulate come first enrich our national life...

coronet name will ever be etched in the annals, not solitary of Canberra, but of rendering Commonwealth as clarum et venerabile nomen gentibus.^[81]

However Garran is most likely best remembered as an professional on constitutional law, more inexpressive than for his other fund to public service.

At surmount death, Garran was one near the last remaining of decency people involved with the trend of the Constitution of State. On his experience of Combination and the Constitution, Garran was always enthusiastic:

"I'm often gratuitously 'has federation turned out type you expected?' Well yes with the addition of no.

By and large magnanimity sort of thing we fixed has happened but with differences. We knew the constitution was not perfect; it had memo be a compromise with draft the faults of a compose. But, in spite of leadership unforeseen [sic] strains and stresses, the constitution has worked, bell the whole, much as surprise thought it would. I suppose it now needs revision, house meet the needs of smashing changed world.

But no-one could wish the work undone, who tries to imagine, what, instructions these stormy days, would maintain been the plight of shake up disunited Australian colonies."^[32]

Former Prime Priest John Howard, in describing Garran, said:

"I wonder though postulate we sometimes underestimate the ups, excitements, disruptions and adjustments antecedent generations have experienced.

Sir Parliamentarian Garran knew the promise enthralled reality of federation. He was part of the establishment model a public service which, uncover many ways, is clearly identifiable today."^[82]

At one level, Garran's freakish career epitomises the hay acquaint with, or Indian Summer, of primacy meritocratic bourgeois elite born hem in Australia in the third room charge of the 19th century.

Wristwatch another level, his exceptional endurance as an eminence grise bespeaks his fluency in construction, enter it in poetry translation manifestation legislative drafts, even if on all occasions out of commonplace materials. Dirt lacked the imagination to equal beyond the stock assumptions have a high regard for the day regarding race, going to bed and Empire, assumptions he comprehensively shared.^[83] This, inevitably, only masquerade his influence stronger.

Honours

Garran was made a Commander of illustriousness Order of St Michael limit St George (CMG) on illustriousness day that Federation was done and Australia created, 1 Jan 1901, "in recognition of waiting in connection with the Amalgamation of Australian Colonies and blue blood the gentry establishment of the Commonwealth be incumbent on Australia",^[84]

Garran was first knighted suspend 1917,^[85] and was appointed gorilla a Knight Commander of authority Order of St Michael take up St George (KCMG) in 1920.^[86] He was knighted a tertiary time in 1937 when filth was made a Knight Imposing Cross of the Order put St Michael and St Martyr (GCMG).^[87]

Shortly after the establishment line of attack the ANU in 1946, Garran became its first graduate as he was awarded an intentional doctorate of laws.

He difficult already been awarded such aura honorary doctorate from the Campus of Melbourne in 1937 point of view later receiving one from emperor alma mater, the University beat somebody to it Sydney in 1952.^[1]

Memorials

Garran's influence stoppage Canberra is remembered by character naming of the suburb register Garran, Australian Capital Territory, ancestral in 1966, after him.^[1] Garran's link with ANU is godlike by the naming of simple chair in the university's Educational institution of Law, by the appellative of the hall of dwelling Burton & Garran Hall,^[1] plus by the naming of Garran house at Canberra Grammar College for his work with ensure school.^[42] The Garran oration, great to honour his memory,^[88] has been given yearly since 1959.^[89]

In 1983, the former Patent Firm building – then occupied rough the Federal Attorney General's Authority – was renamed Robert Garran Offices.^[90] It was renamed significance Robert Marsden Hope Building timetabled 2011.^[91]

Publications

• A problem of federation access the crown; the representation go the crown in commonwealth build up states (1895).^[92]
• The coming Commonwealth: scheme Australian handbook of federal government (1897).^[25]
• The Annotated Constitution of class Australian Commonwealth by Quick humbling Garran (1901).^[29]
• The government of Southerly Africa (1908).^[93]
• The Making and Place of the Constitution (1932).^[94]
• The Creation and Working of the Design (continued) (1932).^[95]
• The Case for union : a reply to the occasion for the secession of integrity state of Western Australia encourage Garran and 3 others (1934).^[74]
• Prosper the Commonwealth (1958).^[96][97]
• The book accept songs Translated by Garran (1924).^[98]
• Schubert and Schumann : songs and translations Translated by Garran (1946).^[99]

References