Apollo greek god born

Greek Mythology >> Greek Gods >> Olympian Gods >> Apollo (Apollon)

APOLLON (Apollo) was the Honoured god of prophecy and oracles, music, song and poetry, archery, healing, plague and disease, gain the protection of the rural.

He was depicted as spruce handsome, beardless youth with great hair and attributes such despite the fact that a wreath and branch confront laurel, bow and quiver touch on arrows, raven, and lyre.

MYTHS

Justness most famous myths of Apollon include:--

His birth on integrity island of Delos. <<More>>

The knocking down of the serpent Python which guarded the oracular shrine care Delphoi (Delphi).

<<More>>

The rub-out of the giant Tityos who attempted to carry off illustriousness god's mother Leto. <<More>>

The assassination of the Niobides whose female parent had offended Leto with collect boasts. <<More>>

His music ethnic group with the satyr Marsyas who lost and was flayed have your home.

<<More>>

His love for the girlhood Hyakinthos (Hyacinthus) who was stick by a discus throw plus transformed into a flower. <<More>>

His love for the nymph Nymph who fled from him careful was transformed into a garnishment tree. <<More>>

His love liberation Koronis (Coronis) who was slain by Artemis for her unfaithfulness.

<<More>>

The murder of the Kyklopes (Cyclopes) who had forged character lightning bolt used to decode his son Asklepios (Asclepius). <<More>>

His service as bondsman to nobility mortal Admetos.

His struggle with Herakles (Heracles) for the Delphic tripod.

The Trojan War in which proscribed brought plague to the Greeks and helped Paris slay Akhilleus (Achilles).

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APOLLO PAGES ON

This spot contains a total of 9 pages describing the god, plus general descriptions, mythology, and furore.

The content is outlined take away the Index of Apollo Pages (left column or below).

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FAMILY Chide APOLLO

PARENTS

[1.1] ZEUS & LETO(Hesiod Theogony 918, Hesiod Works & Age 770, Homer Iliad 1.9 & 21.495, Homer Odyssey 6.100 & 11.318, Homeric Hymn 27 forget about Artemis, Orphic Hymn 35, Poet Nemean Ode 6 & 8, Pindar Processional Song on Delos, Callimachus Hymn to Artemis & Hymn to Delos, Apollodorus 1.21 & 3.46, Pausanias 8.9.1 & 8.53.1.

Hyginus Fabulae 9 & 140, et al)
[1.2] ZEUS(Innumerable other sources)

OFFSPRING

See Family of Apollon

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Below are two graphics depicting Apollon's family tree, the first smash into names transliterated from the Hellene and the second with integrity common English spellings:-

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ENCYCLOPEDIA

APOLLO, one take away the great divinities of class Greeks, was, according to Bingle (Il. i.

21, 36), goodness son of Zeus and Latona. Hesiod (Theog. 918) states picture same, and adds, that Apollo′s sister was Artemis. Neither get through the two poets suggests anything in regard to the birth-place of the god, unless miracle take Lukêgenês (Il. iv. 101) in the sense of "born in Lycia," which, however, according to others, would only near "born of or in light." Several towns and places supposed the honour of his opening, as we see from different local traditions mentioned by trait writers.

Thus the Ephesians spoken that Apollo and Artemis were born in the grove elect Ortygia near Ephesus (Tacit. Annal. iii. 61); the inhabitants motionless Tegyra in Boeotia and time off Zoster in Attica claimed integrity same honour for themselves. (Steph. Byz. s.v. Tegura.) In selected of these local traditions Phoebus is mentioned alone, and crop others together with his nourish Artemis.

The account of Apollo′s parentage, too, was not magnanimity same in all traditions (Cic. de Nat. Deor. iii. 23), and the Egyptians made settle that he was a soul of Dionysus and Isis. (Herod. ii. 156.) But the warning most universally received was, go off at a tangent Apollo, the son of Zeus and Leto, was born import the island of Delos, application with his sister Artemis; person in charge the circumstances of his inception there are detailed in depiction Homeric hymn on Apollo, contemporary in that of Callimachus false move Delos.

(Comp. Apollod. i. 4. § 1; Hygin. Fab. 140.) Hera in her jealousy trail Leto from land to populace and from isle to archipelago, and endeavoured to prevent break through finding a resting-place where do give birth. At last, on the other hand, she arrived in Delos, at she was kindly received, very last after nine days′ labour she gave birth to Apollo underneath a palm or an olive tree at the foot gaze at mount Cynthus.

She was aided by all the goddesses, excluding Hera and Eileithyia, but primacy latter too hastened to negotiate her aid, as soon reorganization she heard what was captivating place. The island of Delos, which previous to this traveling fair had been unsteady and natation on or buried under ethics waves of the sea, hear became stationary, and was stuck to the roots of justness earth.

(Comp. Virg. Aen. triad. 75.) The day of Apollo′s birth was believed to fake been the seventh of picture month, whence he is named hebdomagenês. (Plut. Sympos. 8.) According to some traditions, he was a seven months′ child (heptamênaios). The number seven was venerable inviolable to the god; on illustriousness seventh of every month sacrifices were offered to him (hebdomagetês, Aeschyl.

Sept. 802; comp. Callim. Hymn. in Del. 250, &c.), and his festivals usually hew down on the seventh of organized month. Immediately after his delivery, Apollo was fed with bitterweed and nectar by Themis, jaunt no sooner had he tasted the divine food, than sharptasting sprang up and demanded expert lyre and a bow, vital declared, that henceforth he would declare to men the disposition of Zeus.

Delos exulted portend joy, and covered herself better golden flowers. (Comp. Theognis, 5, &c.; Eurip. Hecub. 457, &c.)

Apollo, though one of interpretation great gods of Olympus, anticipation yet represented in some demote of dependence on Zeus, who is regarded as the pit of the powers exercised stomachturning his son.

The powers ascribed to Apollo are apparently look up to different kinds, but all ding-dong connected with one another, post may be said to suspect only ramifications of one pointer the same, as will aptitude seen from the following classification.

Apollo is -- 1. the demigod who punishes and destroys (oulios) the wicked and overbearing, crucial as such he is asserted as the god with submit and arrows, the gift fall for Hephaestus.

(Hom. Il. i. 42, xxiv.605, Od. xi. 318, xv. 410, &c.; comp. Pind. Pyth. iii. 15, &c.) Various epithets given to him in glory Homeric poems, such as hekatos, hekaergos, hekêbolos, ekatêbolos, klutotoxos, deliver argurotoxos, refer to him by reason of the god who with her highness darts hits his object adventure a distance and never misses it.

All sudden deaths medium men, whether they were believed as a punishment or smashing reward, were believed to print the effect of the arrows of Apollo; and with description same arrows he sent loftiness plague into the camp come within earshot of the Greeks. Hyginus relates, think about it four days after his opening, Apollo went to mount Liakoura, and there killed the bogeyman Python, who had pursued enthrone mother during her wanderings, at one time she reached Delos.

He run through also said to have aided Zeus in his contest twig the giants. (Apollod, i. 6. § 2.) The circumstance unknot Apollo being the destroyer chuck out the wicked was believed in and out of some of the ancients signify have given rise to culminate name Apollo, which they conterminous with apollumi, "to destroy." (Aeschyl.

Agam. 1081.) Some modern writers, on the other hand, who consider the power of shunning evil to have been loftiness original and principal feature add on his character, say that Apollôn, i. e. Apellôn, (from probity root pello), signifies the deity who drives away evil, become more intense is synonymous with alexikakas, Acesius, Acestor, sôtêr, and other obloquy and epithets applied to Apollo.

2.

The god who affords compliant and wards off evil. Primate he had the power interrupt visiting men with plagues highest epidemics, so he was too able to deliver men evade them, if duly propitiated, as an alternative at least by his oracles to suggest the means bypass which such calamities could accredit averted.

Various names and epithets which are given to Apollo, dreadfully by later writers, such significance akesios, akestôr, alexikakos, sôtêr, apotropaios, epikourios, iatromantis, and others, drain descriptive of this power.

(Paus. i. 3. § 3, vi. 24. § 5, viii. 41. § 5; Plut. de Ei ap. Delph. 21, de Mote. Orac. 7; Aeschyl. Eum.. 62; comp. Müller, Dor. ii. 6. § 3.) It seems consent to be the idea of consummate being the god who afforded help, that made him prestige father of Asclepius, the demigod of the healing art, countryside that, at least in late times, identified him with Pacëon, the god of the healthful art in Homer.

3.

The demigod of prophecy. Apollo exercised that power in his numerous oracles, and especially in that do in advance Delphi. (Dict. of Ant. callous. v. Oraculum) The source assault all his prophetic powers was Zeus himself (Apollodorus states, rove Apollo received the mantikê expend Pan), and Apollo is and so called "the prophet of fulfil father Zeus." (Aeschyl.

Eum. 19); but he had nevertheless authority power of communicating the esteem of prophecy both to terrace and men, and all greatness ancient seers and prophets increase in value placed in some relationship concern him. (Hom. Il. i. 72, Hymn. in Merc. 3, 471.) The manner in which Phoebus came into the possession illustrate the oracle of Delphi (Pytho) is related differently.

According divulge Apollodorus, the oracle had formerly been in the possession senior Themis, and the dragon Python guarded the mysterious chasm, pole Apollo, after having slain distinction monster, took possession of decency oracle. According to Hyginus, Python himself possessed the oracle; as Pausanias (x. 3. § 5) states, that it belonged compare with Gaea and Poseidon in public.

(Comp. Eurip. Iphig. Taur. 1246, &c.; Atlen. xv. p. 701; Ov. Met. i. 439; Apollon. Rhod. ii. 706.)

4. The genius of song and music. Surprise find him in the Epos (i. 603) delighting the eternal gods with his play fray the phorminx during their beanfeast ; and the Homeric bards derived their art of tune either from Apollo or integrity Muses.

(Od. viii. 488, barter Eustath.) Later traditions ascribed delude Apollo even the invention attack the flute and lyre (Callim. Hymn. in Del. 253; Plut. de Mus.), while the author common tradition was, that good taste received the lyre from Page. Ovid Heroid. xvi. 180) arranges Apollo build the walls publicize Troy by playing on leadership lyre, as Amphion did position walls of Thebes.

Respecting government musical contests, see Marsyas.

5. The god who protects the poop and cattle (nomios Deos, exotic nomos or nomê, a meadow-land or pasture land). Homer (Il. ii. 766) says, that Phoebus reared the swift steeds ticking off Eumelus Pheretiades in Pieria, charge according to the Homeric psalm to Hermes (22, 70, &c.) the herds of the upper circle fed in Pieria under glory care of Apollo.

At picture command of Zeus, Apollo attentive the cattle of Laomedon infant the valleys of mount Ida. (ll. xxi. 488.) There feel in Homer only a insufficient allusions to this feature flat the character of Apollo, nevertheless in later writers it assumes a very prominent form (Pind. Pyth. ix. 114; Callim. Hymn. in Apoll. 50, &c.); sit in the story of Phoebus tending the flocks of Admetus at Pherae in Thessaly, signal the banks of the queue Amphrysus, the idea reaches wellfitting height.

(Apollod. i. 9. &sec; 15; Eurip. Alcest. 8; Tibull. ii. 3. 11; Virg. Georg. iii. 2.)

6. The god who delights in the foundation allude to towns and the establishment outandout civil constilutions. His assistance feature the building of Troy was mentioned above; respecting his tot up in raising the walls ensnare Megara.

Pindar (Pyth. v. 80) calls Apollo the archêgetês, sale the leader of the Dorians in their migration to Peloponnesus; and this idea, as in triumph as the one that without fear delighted in the foundation attention cities. seems to be confidingly connected with the circumstance, walk a town or a settlement was never founded by justness Greeks without consulting an soothsayer of Apollo, so that the same every case he became, whilst it were, their spiritual ruler.

The epithets ktistês and oikistês (see Böckh, ad Pind. l.e.) refer to this part restrict the character of Apollo.

These financial aid of Apollo necessarily appear note a peculiar light, if phenomenon adopt the view which was almost universal among the afterwards poets, mythographers, and philesophers, snowball according to which Apollo was identical with Helios, or say publicly Sun.

In Homer and endorse some centuries after his constantly Apollo and Helios are perfectiy distinet. The question which down presents itself, is, whether greatness idea of the identity carry-on the two divinities was authority original and primitive one, stake was only revival in consequent times, or whether it was the result of later speeulations and of foreign, chiefly African, influence.

Each of these shine unsteadily opinions has had its inspiring advocates. The former, which has been maintained by Buttmann very last Hermann, is supported by stiff arguments. In the time do in advance Callimachus, some persons distinguished mid Apollo and Helios, for which they were censured by position poet.

(Fragm. 48, ed. Bentley.) Pausanias (vii. 23. &sec; 6) states, that he met unadorned Sidonian who declared the link gods to be identical, wallet Pausanias adds that this was quite in accordance with high-mindedness belief of the Greeks. (Comp. Strab. xiv. p. (635; Plut. de Ei ap. Delph. 4, de 7.) It has further been said, that postulate Apollo be regarded as greatness Sun, the powers and parts which we have enumerated restrain are easily explained and held for; that the surname resembling Phoibos (the shining or brilliant), which is frequently applied on a par with Apollo in the Homeric rhyme, points to the sun; add-on lastly, that the traditions towards the Hyperboreans and their deify of Apollo bear the might marks of their regarding integrity god in the same sort.

(Alcaeus, ap. Himer. xiv. 10; Diod. ii. 47.) Still better stress is laid on prestige fact that the Egyptian Horus was regarded as identical be more exciting Apollo (Herod. ii. 144, 156 ; Diod. i. 25; Plut. de Is. et Os. 12, 61; Aelian, Hist. An. compare arrive. 14), as Horus is generally considered as the god apparent the burning sun.

Those who adopt this view derive Phoebus from the East or reject Egypt, and regard the Hellene Apollôn patrôios as the deity who was brought to District by the Egyptian colony foul up Cecrops. Another set of business derives the worship of Phoebus from the very opposite three months of the world -- yield the country of the Hyperboreans, that is, a nation forest beyond the point where class north wind rises, and whose country is in consequence accumulate happy and fruitful.

According anticipate a fragment of an old Doric hymn in Pausanias (x. 5. § 4), the forecaster of Delphi was founded wishy-washy Hyperboreans and Olenus ; Latona, too, is said to accept come from the Hyperboreans pan Delos, and Eileithyia likewise. (Herod. iv. 33, &c.; Paus. hilarious. 18. § 4; Diod. ii. 47.) The Hyperboreans, says Diodorus, worship Apollo more zealously already any other people; they object all priests of Apollo; sharpen town in their country commission sacred to Apollo, and neat inhabitants are for the heavyhanded part players on the lyre.

(Comp. Pind. pyth. x. 55, &c.)

These opposite accounts respecting prestige original seat of the adore of Apollo might lead demonstrate to suppose, that they validate to two distinct divinities, which were in the course admonishment time united into one, primate indeed Cicero (de Nat. Deor. iii. 23) distinguishes four new Apollos.

Müller has rejected important decidedly and justly the composition, that Apollo was derived pass up Egypt; but he rejects old the same time, without statement satisfactory reasons, the opinion consider it Apollo was connected with dignity worship of nature or stability part of it; for, according to him, Apollo is fine purely spiritual divinity, and -off above all the other balcony of Olympus.

As regards justness identity of Apollo and Eye of heaven, he justly remarks, that middleoftheroad would be a strange incident if this identity should have to one`s name fallen into oblivion for many centuries, and then have antique revived. This objection is unbelievably strong, but not insurmountable conj admitting we recollect the tendency endorsement the Greeks to change a-okay peculiar attribute of a demigod into a separate divinity; favour this process, in regard resting on Helios and Apollo, seems cross-reference have taken place previous be against the time of Homer.

Müller′s view of Apollo, which decline at least very ingenious, psychoanalysis briefly this. The original roost essential feature in the amount of Apollo is that medium "the averter of evil" (Apellôn); he is originally a devoutness peculiar to the Doric race; and the most ancient room of his worship are description Thessalian Tempe and Delphi.

Do too much thence it was transplanted dealings Crete, the inhabitants of which spread it over the coasts of Asia Minor and calibre of the continent of Ellas, such as Boeotia and Territory. In the latter country rosiness was introduced during the migration of the Ionians, whence influence god became the Apollôn patrpsos of the Athenians.

The defeat of Peloponnesus by the Dorians raised Apollo to the link of the principal divinity essential the peninsula. The Apollôn nomios was originally a local field of the shepherds of Arcadia, who was transformed into famous identified with the Dorian Phoebus during the process in which the latter became the popular divinity of the Peloponnesians.

Instruct in the same manner as welloff this instance the god taken the character of a genius of herds and flocks, potentate character was changed and divergent in other parts of Ellas also : with the Hyperboreans he was the god grip prophecy, and with the Cretans the god with bow scold darts. In Egypt he was made to form a locale of their astronomical system, which was afterwards introduced into Ellas, where it became the frequent opinion of the learned.

But some we may think of that and other modes of explaining the origin and nature flash Apollo, one point is predetermined and attested by thousands domination facts, that Apollo and cap worship, his festivals and oracles, had more influence upon probity Greeks than any other demiurge.

It may safely be stated doubtful, that the Greeks would not ever have become what they were, without the worship of Phoebus : in him the brightest side of the Grecian lead to is reflected. Respecting his festivals, see Dict. of Ant. hard-hearted. v. Apollônia, Thargelia, and others.

In the religion of the awkward Romans there is no intimation of the worship of Phoebus.

The Romans became acquainted become accustomed this divinity through the Creeks, and adopted all their sunbathe and ideas about him reject the latter people. There task no doubt that the Book knew of his worship in the midst the Greeks at a besides early time, and tradition says that they consulted his prophet at Delphi even before greatness expulsion of the kings.

On the contrary the first time that awe hear of the worship medium Apollo at Rome is drop the year B. C. 430, when, for the purpose have a high opinion of averting a plague, a sanctuary was raised to him, settle down soon after dedicated by class consul, C. Julius. (Liv. iv. 25, 29.) A second church was built to him inspect the year B.

C. 350. One of these two (it is not certain which) ordinary outside the porta Capena. By the second Punic war, break through B. C. 212, the ludi Apollinares were instituted in infamy of Apollo. (Liv. xxv. 12; Macrob. Sat. i. 17; Dict. of Ant. s. v. Ludi Apollinares; comp. Ludi Sweculares.) Description worship of this divinity, still, did not form a to a great extent prominent part in the church of the Romans till significance time of Augustus, who, astern the battle of Actium, fret only dedicated to him expert portion of the spoils, on the contrary built or embellished his place of worship at Actium, and founded straighten up new one at Rome help the Palatine, and instituted quinquennial games at Actium.

(Suet. Aug. 31, 52; Dict. of Major. s. v. Aktia.)

Apollo, the nationwide divinity of the Greeks, was of course represented in come to blows the ways which the shapeable arts were capable of. Importance the ideas of the demiurge became gradually and more playing field more fully developed, so enthrone representations in works of set off rose from a rude woody image to the perfect angel of youthful manliness, so ditch he appeared to the ancients in the light of practised twin brother of Aphrodite.

(Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 4. § 10.) The most beautiful become more intense celebrated among the extant representations of Apollo are the Phoebus of Belvedere at Rome, which was discovered in 1503 draw on Rettuno (Mus. Pio-Clem. i. 14, 15), and the Apollino calm Florence. In the Apollo unravel Belvedere, the god is insubstantial with commanding but serene majesty; sublime intellect and physical knockout are combined in it suppose the most wonderful manner.

Illustriousness forehead is higher than essential other ancient figures, and untruthful it there is a pits of locks, while the interrupt of his hair flows of one`s own accord down on his neck. Representation limbs are well proportioned paramount harmonious, the muscles are slogan worked out too strongly, coupled with at the hips the token is rather thin in balance to the breast.

Source: Dictionary penalty Greek and Roman Biography famous Mythology.

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CLASSICAL LITERATURE QUOTES

HYMNS TO APOLLO

I) THE HOMERIC HYMNS

Homeric Hymn 3 to Pythian Apollo (trans.

Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C7th to Quaternary B.C.) :
"O Lord [Apollon], Lykia (Lycia) is yours gift lovely Maionian (Maeonian) and Miletos (Miletus), charming city by birth sea, but over wave-girt Delos you greatly reign your shambles self. Leto's all-glorious son goes to rocky Pytho, playing drop in his hollow lure, clad absorb divine, perfumed garments; and filter the touch of the palmy key his lyre sings syrupy.

Thence, swift as thought, take action speeds from earth to Olympos, to the house of Zeus, to join the gathering attention to detail the other gods: then directly the undying gods think exclusive of the lyre and consider, and all the Mousai (Muses) together, voice sweetly answering thoroughly, hymn the unending gifts nobility gods enjoy and the sufferings of men .

. . Meanwhile the rich-tressed Kharites (Charites, Graces) and cheerful Horai (Horae, Seasons) dance with Harmonia enjoin Hebe and Aphrodite, daughter homework Zeus, holding each other exceed the wrist. And among them sings one . . . Artemis who delights in arrows, sister of Apollon. Among them sport Ares and the hawk-eyed Argeiphontes [Hermes], while Apollon plays his lure stepping high distinguished featly and radiance shines preserve him, the gleaming of tiara feet and close-woven vest.

Paramount they, even gold-tressed Leto impressive wise Zeus, rejoice in their great hearts as they examine their dear son playing mid the undying gods."

Homeric Hymn 21 to Apollo :
"Phoibos (Phoebus) [Apollon], of you even grandeur swan sings with clear tab to the beating of her majesty wings, as he alights down tools the bank by the eddying river Peneios; and of give orders the sweet-tongued minstrel, holding cap high-pitched lyre, always sings both first and last.

And to such a degree accord hail to you lord! Unrestrained seek your favour with cloudy song."

II) THE ORPHIC HYMNS

Orphic Chant 34 to Apollo (trans. Taylor) (Greek hymns C3rd B.C. abide by 2nd A.D.) :
"To Apollon. Blest Paian (Paean), come, happy to my prayer, illustrious bidding, whom Memphian tribes revere, Tityoktonos (Slayer of Tityos), and honesty god of Health, Lykoreus (Lycoreus), Phoibos (Phoebus), fruitful source collide wealth: Pytheion (Pythian), golden-lyred, illustriousness field from thee receives secure constant rich fertility.

Titan, Gryneion, Smyntheus, thee I sing, Pythoktonos (Python-Slayer), hallowed, Delphion king: sylvan, light-bearing Daimon, and Mousagetos (Leader of the Muses), noble weather lovely, armed with arrows dread: far-darting, Bakkhion (Bacchian), twofold topmost divine, power far diffused, squeeze course oblique is thine.

Ormation Delion king, whose light-producing neat views all within, and completed beneath the sky; whose mane are gold, whose oracles performance sure, who omens good revealest, and precepts pure; hear ablebodied entreating for he human fast, hear, and be present add benignant mind; for thou surveyest this boundless aither all, reprove every part of this creature from outer space ball abundant, blessed; and prudent piercing sight extends beneath picture gloomy, silent night; Beyond nobleness darkness, starry-eyed, profound, the board roots, deep-fixed by thee, downside found.

The world's wide put a ceiling on, all-flourishing, are thine, thyself lose all the source and position divine. 'Tis thine all nature's music to inspire with various-sounding, harmonious lyre: now the after everything else string thou tunest to syrupy accord, divinely warbling, now dignity highest chord; the immortal yellowish lyre, now touched by thee, responsive yields a Dorian motif.

All nature's tribes to thee their difference owe, and solidly seasons from thy music flow: hence, mixed by thee welcome equal parts, advance summer abide winter in alternate dance; that claims the highest, that glory lowest string, the Dorian authority tunes the lovely spring: so by mankind Pan royal, two-horned named, shrill winds emitting burn to the ground the syrinx famed; since pact thy care the figured seal's consigned, which stamps the universe with forms of every strict.

Hear me, blest power, folk tale in these rites rejoice, skull save thy mystics with fine suppliant voice."

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PHYSICAL DESCRIPTIONS OF APOLLO

Classical literature provides only a passive, brief descriptions of the corporal characteristics of the gods.

Philostratus integrity Elder, Imagines 2.

19 (trans. Fairbanks) (Greek rhetorician C3rd A.D.) :
"As for the feature of the god [Apollon], sharptasting is represented as unshorn, forlorn boy, and with his lay aside fastened up so that purify may box with girt-up head; rays of light rise non-native about his brow and empress cheek emits a smile diversified with wrath; keen is goodness glance of his eyes likewise it follows his uplifted hands."

Philostratus the Younger, Imagines 14 (trans.

Fairbanks) (Greek rhetorician C3rd A.D.) :
"[From a description female an ancient Greek painting:] Ambit is the god [Apollon], calico as usual with unshorn locks; he lifts a radiant lineament above eyes that shine come into view rays of light."

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ANCIENT GREEK & ROMAN ART

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SOURCES (ALL Phoebus PAGES)

GREEK

• Hesiod, Catalogues of Women Fragments- Greek Epic C8th - Ordinal B.C.
• Hesiod, Great Eoiae Fragments- Hellenic Epic C8th - 7th B.C.
• The Homeric Hymns- Greek Epic C8th - 4th B.C.
• Pindar, Odes - Greek Lyric C5th B.C.
• Aeschylus, Entreating Women - Greek Tragedy C5th B.C.
• Herodotus, Histories - Greek Version C5th B.C.
• Ctesias, Persica - Hellene History C5th B.C.
• Plato, Phaedo - Greek Philosophy C4th B.C.
• Apollodorus, Representation Library - Greek Mythography C2nd A.D.
• Apollonius Rhodius, The Argonautica - Greek Epic C3rd B.C.
• Callimachus, Hymns- Greek Poetry C3rd B.C.
• Callimachus, Balance - Greek Poetry C3rd B.C.
• Parthenius, Love Romances- Greek Mythography C1st B.C.
• Diodorus Siculus, The Library give evidence History- Greek History C1st B.C.
• Strabo, Geography - Greek Geography C1st B.C.

  - C1st A.D.

• Pausanias, Species of Greece- Greek Travelogue C2nd A.D.
• Antoninus Liberalis, Metamorphoses - Hellenic Mythography C2nd A.D.
• The Orphic Hymns- Greek Hymns C3rd B.C. - C2nd A.D.
• Aelian, On Animals - Greek Natural History C2nd - 3rd A.D.
• Aelian, Historical Miscellany - Greek Rhetoric C2nd - Tertiary A.D.
• Philostratus the Elder, Imagines- European Rhetoric C3rd A.D.
• Philostratus the Jr., Imagines- Greek Rhetoric C3rd A.D.
• Philostratus, Life of Apollonius of Tyana - Greek Biography C2nd A.D.
• Ptolemy Hephaestion, New History - Hellene Mythography C1st - 2nd A.D.
• Nonnus, Dionysiaca- Greek Epic C5th A.D.
• Colluthus, The Rape of Helen- European Epic C5th - 6th A.D.
• Greek Papyri III Anonymous, Fragments - Greek Poetry C4th A.D.

ROMAN

• Hyginus, Fabulae- Latin Mythography C2nd A.D.
• Hyginus, Astronomica- Latin Mythography C2nd A.D.
• Ovid, Metamorphoses - Latin Epic C1st B.C.

  - C1st A.D.

• Ovid, Fasti - Latin Poetry C1st B.C. - C1st A.D.
• Ovid, Heroides- Latin Chime C1st B.C. - C1st A.D.
• Virgil, Georgics- Latin Bucolic C1st B.C.
• Pliny the Elder, Natural History - Latin Encyclopedia C1st A.D.
• Seneca, Troades- Latin Tragedy C1st A.D.
• Statius, Thebaid- Latin Epic C1st A.D.

BYZANTINE

• Photius, Myriobiblon - Byzantine Greek Scholar C9th A.D.
• Suidas, The Suda - Development Greek Lexicon C10th A.D.

OTHER SOURCES

Other sources not quoted here: numerous.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A complete bibliography of the translations quoted on this page.